Thus few people know that central banks
have been huge buyers of gold. In the 4th quarter 2017,
central bank reserves increased by 73.1 metric tons, bringing the
total for the year to 372t. The pattern of central bank purchases in
2017 continued in the 1st quarter 2018, when Central Bank
gold purchases increased a whopping 42%. Do the central banks know
something that others don't? In contrast to the central bank buying,
sales of gold bars and coins to non-bank customers have been tepid.
Who has been buying? 2017 was the
eleventh consecutive year of growth in Russia's official gold
holding. For several years Russia was buying about 100t per year, but
each of the last three years show gains of over 200t.
Another notable buyer of gold recently
was Turkey. Beginning in May 2017, it averaged 11t of gold per
month, increasing its reserves by 86t by the end of the year.
China does not disclose its purchases on a regular basis. So we must do with estimates. The best of these are calculated by Koos Jansen of Bullionstar, which we print above with his courtesy. Note that Aggregate Net Imports are the fastest growing category.
India just eliminated 86 % of the
nation's cash by withdrawing from circulation its 500 and 1000 rupee
notes. How can that be when India has run on cash? According to Bloomberg, “India
has among the highest usage of cash across
global economies,” accounting for up to 98%. So what will the
people of India now do for money? What chaos and mischief will now
occur there? And how about the U.S., where it has already been
suggested that the U.S. $100 bills and even the $50
bills should be taken out of circulation. Replaced by what? A new fiat currency, a new
digital one, or a national credit card that the government will
issue to everyone? --and by which the government could know—and
tax—every transaction of anyone in the country? And micro-manage
every detail of the nation's economy, in the excuse of “the public interest” or “national
security"?
Will gold have a role in the future of
money? Is that why central banks have been buying gold? Since
the formation of the European Union in the 1990s, there has been a
concerted political effort to phase out gold in the international
monetary system and replace it with a fiat currency, the euro. The
euro experience has shown that an unlimited ability to print money
with no backing cannot replace the effectiveness of a tangible
monetary asset, gold. Central bank buying of gold now may be
recognition of that. In this regard it may be useful to look at the
history of the EU's agreements on gold.
The first Central Bank Gold Agreement took place in 1999. At that time, central banks held nearly a quarter of all gold held above ground, about 33,000 tones. The second gold agreement (CBA2) took place in 2004. CBA3 followed in 2009 and CBA4 followed in 2014. The
first clause in each of these four agreements began: “Gold
will remain an important element of global monetary reserves.”
In one of its first pronouncements, the ECB governing council decided
the capital subscriptions of euro-zone members would be paid 15% in
gold and 85% in dollars or Japanese yen. (The capital subscriptions
were based on population and GDP of the members.)
The national debt now $21 trillion keeps on growing. It will never be paid off because it is growing faster than the economy. And it is obvious to everyone that this cannot continue forever, because credit cannot be expanding forever. At some point, the whole system will break down because somewhere there will be a default that cannot be covered, leading to a cascade of interrelated debt defaults. Then we shall see a crash comparable to the Great Depression of the 1930s or the more recent Great Recession, only worse.
Since 1971 when President Nixon severed the last link between the dollar and gold, the world has seen the longest period of money with no link to gold or silver. Eventually there will be a need to connect supply and demand factors for gold with other supply and demand factors in the economy. This will mean an adjustment of the price of gold in relation to the realities of other market factors. Nixon cut the link between gold and the dollar because U.S. debt--from excessive government spending--made it impossible to maintain convertibility of the dollar at $35 per ounce. Since our national debt is now $21 trillion, making the dollar again convertible for gold will require a far, far higher price for gold. Either that or we shall see gold made convertible to a different currency, if not in the U.S. then somewhere else on the planet. There have been some 3,400 fiat currencies; they all became worthless. It remains to be seen whether the U.S. will add to that list or return to a gold-backed currency.
The U.S. says it has 8,133.5 tonnes of gold, but questions have arisen over the years as to whether that is accurate. Records of audits are sparse, incomplete and show a troubled history of government accounts. Recently Koos Jansen of Bullionstar.com has completed the most extensive research ever done on the U.S. government gold holdings. Through the use of the Freedom of Information Act, he has unearthed startling information never before available. He encountered a wide range of problems that document the audits have been executed with an inadequate degree of integrity, including:
- Most physically verified and sealed vault compartments have been re-opened, for which the auditor can provide no valid explanation.
- Auditing personnel has proven to be utterly incompetent and did not follow the auditing policies and procedures.
- Repeatedly metal has been excluded from verifications.
- Many of the audit and assay documents have been destroyed.
- The US government goes to great lengths in withholding
information and spreading false information.
"The protocol was designed to open, audit, close and seal all compartments once, in order to avoid the necessity to repeat these procedures. Despite these rules, my research points out nearly all compartments have been re-opened after being audited....This is a story about misconduct, deceit, inconsistencies, and loose ends. At risk is the safety of the gold meant to underpin the world reserve currency....
"Whilst the function of the audits was to prove the existence of the gold, what they’ve achieved is to make us doubt about the existence of the gold. Up to 200 million ounces are stored in compartments that either have been subjected to dubious re-audits or have been re-opened and/or re-sealed for a vast array of other suspicious reasons....
In response to a question from Ron Paul, a member of the committee hearing testimony, Thorsen, a member of the Office of Inspector General, replied, "It should be noted that most workpapers associated with our reports issued prior to 2004 have been destroyed in accordance with our records retention policy." Thus Jansen writes: "Stunningly, the US government has destroyed most documents drafted from 1974 until 2004 associated to the audits of its 261,498,926 ounces (8,134 tonnes) of gold that serve to underpin the world reserve currency....The OIG lost 10 audit reports from 1974 through 1986...."
"Factually, seals can survive for 32 years, but by 1981 the seal on Fort Knox compartment 1 had been replaced five times. Remember we have the audit reports of 1974, 1977, 1980 and 1981; these mention nothing about perpetual re-sealing of compartments. That’s suspicious."
